Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a significant concern. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the toxicity connected with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspects, including

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable power to shield delicate skin. This calming element has long been utilized in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective characteristics. Creating a physical shield on the skin's top layer, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful sunligh